Ashok Malhotra's New Book & Interview

Society member Ashok Malhotra has published a new e-book, Grandpa Chopra’s Stories for Life’s Nourishmenthttp://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gif. His publisher has also posted an interview with Dr. Malhotra, in which he discusses Eastern and Western philosophies as well as yoga.

The “Propaganda Model of News” and the Critical Response to Anonymous

The Shakespeare biopic Anonymous has been subject to a surprisingly vehement campaign of ridicule for its depiction of what is called the Oxfordian Theory of Shakespeare authorship. Oxfordians hold that the true author of the plays and poems of “Shake-speare” was Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford, but that cultural proscription against noblemen writing for the theatre, as well as royally-enforced secrecy, ensured that de Vere would remain anonymous. Will Shaksper of Stratford was used as a “front” to disguise his authorship, and generations of myth-making and scholarly credulity that uncritically repeated the suppositions of earlier authors has cemented the ruse as seemingly unshakable historical truth.

Anonymous may be garnering praise for its meticulous CGI recreation of Elizabethan London, but few critics can bring themselves to laud it as a film. As Roger Stritmatter (recipient of the first PhD in Shakespeare/Oxford studies) noted on his blog, many film critics – the bulk of whom are surely not Shakespearean scholars themselves – apparently feel compelled to decry the film for its Oxfordian thesis, rather than limiting themselves to critiquing it as a film. Even those who do praise Anonymous as a movie nonetheless must affirm for their readers that they believe it to be hokum. Roger Ebert, for example, wrote, “this [is a] marvelous historical film, which I believe to be profoundly mistaken.”

Different Ways to Meditate

Various traditions have offered unique ways to meditate. However, all of them have a common focus of directing one’s attention to a particular object, image or thought. Once an object is selected and attention is directed, your mind stays focused on it. The more you are able to keep the mind on the selected item and less you are distracted, better is your meditation. Through this directedness, you acquire the ability to control your mind. This meditative focusing helps minimize distractions and stress associated with the present-day living.

Practice: Before you begin to meditate, you should set up a daily and a weekly routine. Choose a particular time and a specific place to do meditation. A good mental attitude is also essential! You should tell yourself that you are going to spend meditation time exclusively for yourself without the distractions from the cell phone, telephone, radio, TV or visitors. A detached attitude is indispensable! You should empty your mind of all expectations whether positive or negative. To drive maximum benefit, it is suggested that you should practice meditation regularly and uninterruptedly for a long time

Some simple ways to meditate are described below. At the beginning, try each one for a couple of minutes. Select the one that is most suitable for your temperament. Once you have picked the right one, meditate with that on a regular basis.

Caution: These meditation exercises are suggestions only. When done correctly they might be useful in easing stress, helping in falling sleep, experiencing health and enjoying wellbeing.



1. Meditation on the Breath

Sit in an easy posture by crossing your legs. Keep your back, shoulders, neck and head straight up. Rest your hands on the knees. Close your eyes. Start breathing in and out. Pay full attention to your breathing in and out. Observe the flow. As you breathe in and out, you will find that it feels good. Stay in this position for two minutes, while observing the flow of breathing. After two minutes, resume your normal breathing.

2. Meditation on the Diaphragm

Sit in the easy posture. Put your left hand flat on your stomach below the rib cage. Breathe in slowly by first filling in the top, then the middle and finally the diaphragm or stomach. Feel the rise of your left hand as the stomach fills up. Once all the air is taken in, slowly start breathing out. Let your hand feel the slow collapsing of the stomach. Once again, start breathing in gently by filling in the three parts of the chest. When the stomach has reached its full capacity, start breathing out by letting your hand feel the collapsing of the stomach. Repeat this procedure for two minutes and then resume your normal breathing.

Meditation with a Mantra
While sitting in the easy posture, close your eyes. Become aware of breathing in the out. As you breathe in, think about the sound ‘so.’ As you breathe out, think about the sound ‘hum.’ If other ideas come through your mind, recognize them and then set them aside. Go back to breathing in ‘so’ and breathing out ‘hum.’ Keep your mind on ‘so’ ‘hum.’ Continue your meditation with ‘so’ ‘hum’ for two minutes. After you have completed this process, go back to your normal breathing.

4. Meditation on Sound and Silence

Sit in the easy posture. Keep your back, neck and head straight up. Close your eyes. Breathe in and out. Become aware of the sounds around you. Pay attention to the sounds followed by silence, followed by sounds, followed by silence and so on. Keep your mind on the rhythm of sound, silence, sound, silence and so on. After doing this for two minutes, go back to normal breathing.

When you are trying out these meditation exercises the first time, practice them for two minutes each. Choose the one that relaxes you the most and practice it for a week for a total of ten minutes at each sitting. You can also do these meditation exercises while you lie down on your back.

5. Systematic Relaxation

Lie down on your back. Relax your body on a mat or carpet or bed. Let your arms rest next to your body. Close your eyes by breathing in and out.

Become aware of your fingers. Squeeze them tightly by making fists. As you squeeze them, breathe out. After counting five, relax your fingers by breathing in. Do this exercise twice!

Become aware of your eyes. Squeeze them tightly while breathing out. After counting five, relax your eyes by breathing in. Do this exercise twice!

Become aware of your lips. Give a big grin while breathing out. After counting five, relax your lips by breathing in. Do this exercise twice!

Become aware of your chin and press it against your chest, while breathing out. After counting five, relax your chin by breathing in. Do this exercise twice!

Become aware of your shoulder blades. While you press them against the ground, breathe out. After counting five, relax your shoulders by breathing in. Do this exercise twice!

Become aware of your lower back. While you press it against the ground, breathe out. After counting five, relax your lower back by breathing in. Do this exercise twice!

Become aware of your hips. While you press them against the ground, breathe out. After counting five, relax your hips by breathing in. Do this exercise twice!

Become aware of your legs. While you press them against the ground, breathe out. After counting five, relax your legs by breathing in. Do this exercise twice!

Become aware of your feet. Point them away from your body while you breathe out. After counting five, relax your feet by breathing in. Do this exercise twice!

Now observe your entire body. It is relaxed. Breathe in and out and enjoy the relaxed feeling.

Note: You can combine this exercise with the next posture of total relaxation

6. Posture of Total Relaxation (Dead Man’s Posture)

Lie down on your back. Relax your body on a mat or carpet or bed. Let your arms rest next to your body. Close your eyes by breathing in and out.

Now become aware of your toes. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed. Now become aware of your feet. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed. Now become aware of your ankles. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed. Now become aware of your lower legs. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed.

Now become aware of your knees. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed. Now become aware of your thighs. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed. Now become aware of your hips. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed.

Now become aware of your lower back. Tell yourself that there is no tension. It is fully relaxed. Now become aware of your upper back. Tell yourself that there is no tension. It is fully relaxed. Now become aware of your abdomen. Tell yourself that there is no tension. It is fully relaxed. Now become aware of your chest. Tell yourself that there is no tension. It is fully relaxed.

Now become aware of your shoulders, arms, hands and fingers. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed.

Now become aware of your neck and chin. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed.

Now become aware of your lips and cheeks. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed.

Now become aware of your eyes and forehead. Tell yourself that there is no tension. They are fully relaxed.

Now become aware of your entire body. Tell yourself that there is no tension. It is fully relaxed.

Now tell yourself that you are looking at your body from a distance. Your body is light. Your body is weightless. Your body is floating. Your body has no tension. It is fully relaxed.

Note: Enjoy this relaxation for two minutes and combine it with the next meditation through visualization.

7. Meditation through Visualization

Lie down on your back. Relax your body on a mat or carpet or bed. Let your arms rest next to your body. Close your eyes. Breathe in and out.

Imagine yourself lying on the top of a hill on soft green grass.

You are looking down into the valley lined by trees with green leaves.

The sun is shining. The sky is blue.

The rays of the sun are coming towards you.

The rays of the sun are entering your heart.

Your heart is re-energized. Your blood is re-energized.

This re-energized blood is rushing to all parts of your body, restoring to you sound health.

Tell yourself that you are at peace with yourself and at peace with the universe.

Enjoy this relaxed and peaceful state for five minutes or more!


Dr. Ashok Kumar Malhotra

Distinguished Teaching Professor

SUNY at Oneonta, New York

Popular Versions of Yoga in the West

Originated in India, Yoga has been with us for the past 2500 years. During its historical journey, though it was predominantly influential among the various brands of Hinduism, it became a quintessential part of the Buddhist and Jain meditation. Its contemplative practice was also adopted by the Chinese Taoists and Japanese Zen. Recently, the West too has opened its doors enthusiastically by making Yoga as a way of life.

There are more than 15 million Americans that practice some form of yoga and meditation. This staggering number has taken the esoteric spiritual discipline from the caves of the Himalayas and brought it to the door steps of every American. At present, yoga has become fashionable among the diverse strata of society ranging from the rich and famous to the ordinary person in the street. With the increase of its popularity, more people go after its faddish aspects and less for its serious study.

There are multiple ways that Yoga has been perceived in America and the West. All of them can be put under four general headings. I call the first type as the Hollywood Yoga. It was initially popularized by the Hollywood celebrities, who were looking for beautiful bodies and sound physical health. They were interested in the practice of physical postures, which would make them look and feel good. Also called the Hatha Yoga, it is the most popular kind. I call the second variety as the Harvard Yoga because it constituted a group of researchers from various universities. They were interested in measuring the claims made by the practitioners that the regular practice of yoga and meditation brought about positive changes in their personality. This was the province of the psychologists, psychiatrists and medical researchers, who worked at the major university centers. A third kind, which I call the Cultic Yoga, was introduced by the religious leaders from the East. They proclaimed themselves to be living at a heightened state of consciousness that was achieved by them through their own efforts or the aid of their teachers. They openly declared themselves to be the carriers of this enlightenment and could easily pass it on to others who were ready to pay the bills for their spiritual services. Though the Cultic Yoga created a huge following, it also watered down this ancient discipline and made it very pedestrian. However, the fourth, which I call the Himalayan Yoga, is the authentic brand dating back to 500 B.C. Its ideas are found in the Yoga Sutras, a book compiled by an Indian sage Patanjali. This ancient book contains the philosophy, psychology, science, religion and the way of life of yoga. Though the Hollywood, Harvard and Cultic Yoga find their roots in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, they merely scratch the surface of this masterly developed philosophical and empirical system that promises a meaningfully balanced spiritual life through the perfection of the body, control of the emotions and mastery of the mind.

By Dr. Ashok Kumar Malhotra

No Future in a Service Economy!

The current dispute about jobs and the recession is useless. We need to define the diagnosis of the situation and choose a solution accordingly. We are in the service economy and such an economy is too weak to produce growth and the demand for jobs. In Kalamazoo County we have 450 restaurants. Do we need 50 more? To return to prosperity we need to reindustrialize America. If we won’t do it—there is no future for the Americans in their country.

Economic globalization does not work for most American citizens because we are no longer citizens, merely disposable workers. It works for global corporations, which are looking for growth and want to sell to the “bottom of the pyramid,” which contains 4 billion potential customers. However, these new potential customers do not have money, since their income is about $1,500 per year. To transform them into customers, global firms provide jobs for them. For example, Apple Corporation employs 18,000 workers in the U.S. and 1,000,000 workers abroad.

To reindustrialize the U.S. one must tax those who export jobs. These taxes should finance the safety net of those Americans, who lost jobs due to globalization. Why should rich people invest in jobs in the U.S. if there are not enough customers with steady income, who could create a demand for new supplies? Any stimulus package perhaps may create some sort of demand. However, it will trigger production only in China and other foreign countries, where we outsourced manufacturing.

Some repeated mantra states that we are not competitive for other countries. Of course, we cannot compete at the labor cost level with China, India, and others. In doing so, we need to go back to labor cost that we had in the 19th century. Another mantra says that we are not innovative enough, however according to the Innovation Index, we are ranked #1 (The Economist Pocket World in Figures 2011, p.62). Why do we commercialize our innovations, only to outsource their manufacture abroad? Innovation, when not practiced responsibly, leads to societal corrosion: when we innovated customer service by automation, (i.e. phone trees), It resulted in the death of that service and increased unemployment. We don’t need such “innovations.”

The Keynes economy does not work in the current American situation. Also, the Friedman economy does not work today. This is 21st century, which needs own new economic theory. Unfortunately, our economists and politicians are not innovative and good for these new conditions. Needless to say, these conditions have created quite a mess. One cannot expect that our leaders and their advisors can both be the arsonist and the fireman. We need to stop counting on those that have created the current problem to possess solutions. Perhaps our own Arab Spring will help start the solution process? Perhaps, sooner than one can expect?

Prof. Andrew Targowski
Director of the Center for Sustainable Business Practices
WMU Haworth College of Business

Service to humanity should be goal of all religions

While attending a conference in Philadelphia, I asked a Nobel Laureate scientist about the difference between the scientific and religious approaches to truth.

He replied, "Science is concerned with discovering the laws of the physical universe, whereas religion is committed to discovering the laws of the spiritual world. Scientists conduct experiments to ascertain the laws of the external world; similarly, the religionists experiment to grasp the laws of the inner world. As different sciences contribute to providing a partial glimpse into the mystery of the material universe, so are the various religions contributing towards partial insights into the inscrutability of the spiritual world. Even when scientists idealize Newton, Einstein or Hawking, they still regard them as providing only limited perspectives on the physical universe. Moreover, all scientific discoveries are put to the empirical tests and when falsified, scientists will modify them without killing their opponents."

He continued: "However, there is a big difference between science and religion in terms of their attitude towards the discovered wisdom. Scientists admit their discoveries to be scratching the surface of the vastness of the physical universe, whereas the proponents of the monotheistic religions pronounce in no uncertain terms that they have discovered the truth. Since this truth is described in their unique scriptures, religionists declare their technique to be the only way to achieve a spiritually meaningful life. The monotheistic religions are so convinced with the truth of their wisdom that they fight tooth and nail to convert others. This pronounced exclusiveness of religions has been the basis of innumerable conflicts throughout the history of humanity."

My dialogue with the Nobel Laureate led me to reflect on the question of "How to circumvent these religious conflicts?" One possibility was to think of a "One-World Spiritual Quest or Universal Spirituality," where one could delineate the quintessence of all religions representing the best aspirations of humankind. Here the emphasis would be on the universal laws of the spirit revealed by the diverse religions, where inclusiveness, not exclusivity, would be emphasized. Moreover, each of the present religions would then be looked upon as offering only one of the paths leading to the realization of this universal spirituality.

How do we reveal the common laws of the spirit as discovered by the diverse religious traditions? What are these laws and where can we find them?

Similar to the experiments of the scientists, who discovered the physical laws and put them in the books of science, we would find the spiritual laws in the lives as lived by the founders of religions and in the books of their traditions.

The lives of the founders of diverse religions reveal that they have had a direct vision of reality. In this awe-inspiring moment, they realized the power and complexity of the cosmic-spiritual being and their unique connection with and dependence on it. Since it was a one-to-one bond with this immeasurable force, the spiritual experimenters contemplated ways to repeat this splendid relationship with their source. Through their personal lives, they discovered certain laws as pathways to reaching this bondship.

When we contemplate on the lives of various religious founders, we find that each one discovered at least one important principle relating to the spirit. The Buddha came up with compassion and love for others; Mahavira of Jainism with the sanctity of life and attitude of reverence towards all creatures; Guru Nanak of Sikhism with experiencing the meaning of life through service of others; Jesus of Christianity with compassion-in-action by taking upon oneself the sufferings of others; Mohammad of Islam with the idea of universal brotherhood by asserting that all of us are siblings in whose veins the same blood flows; and Krishna of Hinduism with the path of selfless service as the goal of life.

Gandhi, who studied the lives of the founders of religions, adopted these spiritual principles in his political and social reform movements. In his personal and social life, Gandhi abridged all these spiritual principles into two components. People come to religion to seek salvation, which is possible through enlightenment and the knowledge of god.

As a social reformer, when Gandhi was asked "How can one become enlightened?," his answer was "By serving everyone." And how can one know god? His answer was "By feeding everyone." This, according to Gandhi, was the core message of all the various religions: salvation to be found by following the two spiritual principles of "feeding everyone" and "serving everyone." In his personal life, Gandhi adopted the spiritual motto of "finding oneself, by losing oneself in the service of others," which for him was the authentic way to experience the all-encompassing-spiritual-consciousness.

I believe the 21st century needs to move from particular religious consciousness towards an all-encompassing spiritual-consciousness by making selfless service to humanity the goal of each religion. In the development of this kind of humanitarian consciousness lies the hope of a new one-world-spiritual-peaceful-order in the future.

Ashok Kumar Malhotra is Distinguished Teaching Professor of Philosophy at the State University College at Oneonta.

Thoughts on the 2011 ISCSC Conference

Here are some thoughts on the goings-on at Tulane last week:

BEST WAY TO COME THROUGH IN THE CLUTCH: Tulane U., for allowing us to use the Business School.

BEST LAST-MINUTE FIX: Moving the reception to the Holy Name of Jesus Parish Center (Many thanks again to the Rev. Donald Hawkins, S.J.).

GREATEST IDEA THAT TURNED OUT TO BE JUST (BARELY) ACCEPTABLE: Sun Ray Grill.

WORST PROBLEM THAT TURNED OUT TO BE A PLUS: Eating in the Food Court, because of the variety.

BEST RECOVERY WITH GRACE AND PATIENCE: Andrew Targowski, who had to wait until Saturday morning to give an abbreviated presidential address.

HEALTHIEST CONFERENCE PARTICIPANT: TIE! Lynn Rhodes, who looks every bit the American Western outdoorswoman, and Pedro Geiger (on general principles).

CLOSEST CALL: Lois Holcomb; thank God she did not hurt herself when she fell after the banquet.

MOST PROLIFIC READER AND REVIEWER OF BOOKS SINCE WRITING WAS INVENTED (which she informed us was during the period of Homo Erectus): Laina “Queen Bee” Farhat-Holzman.

BEST MONARCHIST: Thomas Palfrey.

BEST PUERTO RICAN-TURNED-CANADIAN ARISTOCRAT: Ricardo Duchesne.

BEST BOYAR: Vlad Alalykin-Izekov.

BEST FACE PUT ON A BAD SITUATION: Rev. Walter Baer on church-state issues in China.

BIGGEST CONTROVERSY THAT WAS NOT CONTROVERSIAL AT ALL: Mariana Tepfenhart and the European right-wingers.

MOST INTERESTING (SENTIMENTAL) METHOD OF TRAVEL: Railroad: George von der Muhll rode the City of New Orleans into the City of New Orleans, as he had when he was a child. Appropriately, the darned thing broke down in the middle of the day in the Mississippi heat, about two hours outside of New Orleans.

I AM JUST NOT THAT SMART: Walter Benesch on “Thinking about Unthinkability”; I hope I looked like I understood at least a little.

MOST CONGENIAL PARTICIPANT: This one is easy. Prof. Hermenegilde Rwantabagu, who traveled for two days to make it to the conference, always had a pleasant look on his face, was soft-spoken and polite, and never complained about a thing. He is someone to emulate. TWO RUNNERS-UP: Isaac Tseggai and Hisanori Kato.

AND FINALLY,
LONGEST STAY IN THE BIG EASY: the Diaz-Stevens-Arroyo’s, who are still here having a great time.
(NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH BEST TIME HAD IN THE FRENCH QUARTER, A/K/A “WHERE WAS ASHOK DURING THE MORNING SESSIONS?”).

THANKS TO BILL McGAUGHEY AND MICHAEL ANDREGG FOR ALL THEIR HELP.

AND TO ALL THE REST WHO ATTENDED AND/OR PARTICIPATED IN THE 2011 ISCSC CONFERENCE:

THANK YOU ALL FOR A GREAT CONFERENCE, AND SEE YOU NEXT YEAR IN WASHINGTON, D.C.

Relieved,
Reed (and Christine)